Dan Brown

Diana Senechal’s guest column at the consistently brilliant Gothamschools.org put my jaw on the table. She passed New York State’s sixth grade ELA and seventh grade math tests just by filling in A, B, C, D on a loop! After checking her work against the answer key and score calculator, she got a 2! On the fifth grade test, she discovered that she could fill in C for every answer— and pass!

This would be a disconcerting revelation at any time, but Senechal’s essay comes on the heels of new Obama administration directives to states to use test scores as a key determinant in teacher effectiveness, as The New York Times reports. The message: if you want access to the desperately needed billions in stimulus funds, make test scores a centerpiece of school life. This is disheartening, given President Obama’s articulate critiques of the shortcomings of the punitive, test-crazy culture of No Child Left Behind.

Testmania is not exclusive to Bush and Bloomberg. Barack Obama seems to have bought in.

This year, my charter school is adopting an Essential Schools-style "exhibition" performance-based assessment model in which, throughout the year, students create portfolios of accumulated evidence of learning. At the midpoint and end of the year, they present their portfolios in what’s called a “presentation of learning.” The portfolios and their accompanying presentations are strong instruments of accountability because the students will have to show their stuff to their peers, teachers, family members, and members of the community.

This kind of authentic assessment is so much more supportive and illustrative than a corporate-made bubble test. If President Obama and Secretary Duncan are so bent on expanding charter schools, why not jump on one of their finest ideas? The bureaucratic craving for easy data via basic skills multiple-choice tests is dangerous and counterproductive, and as Diana Senechal is the latest to reveal, a farce.

"Alright, I agree. The
overemphasis on standardized testing is not good. I see it. So what are the
alternatives?"

Earlier this week I spoke
to a group of thirty food and drug lawyers as a guest in a speaker series. It
was a friendly room, and a few of the attorneys had kids considering Teach
For America.

I gave my spiel about my
stumbling into teaching, what pulled me in for the long haul, and a more
policy-oriented description of why I write about teaching. Inevitably, the
conversation touched on high-stakes testing.

This was a politically
diverse crowd, unlike the typically left-leaning teacher circles I usually talk
to. However, there was widespread agreement that excessive focus on just one
test was counterproductive. Yes, you needed data, but getting it only through
one end-all, be-all week of marathon testing was not in children’s best
interest.

So what are the
alternatives?

This key question, posed
in different forms by several of the lawyers, is the crucial one for the
education community as we move forward. But it’s not one that’s getting much
time on the docket. Indeed, the steamroll of Big Testing is on the march, with
its billion-dollar publishing companies protecting their interest, politicians
who want short-term data that fits election cycles, and a national trend toward
bottom-line-obsessed business models in schools.

Big Testing wields so much
power that the phrase “merit pay,” which has found firm grounding in the
education discourse, is able to exist with barely a question—let alone an
argument—over what “merit” in the classroom actually is. It seems a given that
“merit” equals “test scores” and that’s that. The implicit message across the
board is: if you want to be paid more, prepare to obsess over bubble tests.

But wait. There are better
ways to assess—and not demoralize— students. (See Heather Wolpert-Gawron’s
great piece on what administering the high intensity test is really like.)  We need, amid all the No Child Left Behind-inspired handwringing, more
discussion about alternatives to this brand of testing.

Here’s one idea:

The Coalition of Essential
Schools has developed an amazing program called National Exhibition month, in
which students work on long-term projects that they present to the community.
It’s a “performance assessment,” like a thesis project with a defense. The
standards-based projects involve teamwork, self-directed inquiry, presentation
skills, real interaction with the community, and a tangible product. It’s
meaningful work, and it reveals a heck of a lot more insight about a student’s
education than his reading paragraphs with multiple choice questions. (You can see a four-minute documentary about the exhibition projects here.)

Why shouldn’t classwork
(projects, portfolios, presentations) count? They do a much better job of
activating students’ finest efforts and measuring 21st century skills. The only
real argument against “counting” classroom work is that teachers can’t be
trusted to implement and support quality assessments. That kind of mistrust of
teachers is a suicide pact for public education; teachers are the lifeblood of
the whole operation.

FairTest.org is an advocacy organization dedicated entirely to more
comprehensive, accurate, and supportive assessment of students. Their website
is jam-packed with actionable information and research on how to achieve
authentic accountability through performance assessments. Standardized testing
can still be in the mix, but it just isn’t the only ingredient.

Too many people—teachers
included— don’t know about alternatives to high-stakes testing and are thus
limited in their ability to participate in a solution-oriented discussion. It’s
well-worn ground that high-stakes testing is over the top; let’s talk about how
to really get students to show us their true capabilities.

Writing about teaching for
the eyes of non-teachers is important work. Frank McCourt did it more
successfully in the past decade than just about anyone else I can think of.

I read ‘Tis in the spring
of my first year teaching, and his frenetic passages on the suffocating
minutiae that dominate the school day set off fireworks in my brain. This is
exactly what I’m going through
! I
thought. And there I was teaching fourth grade in the Bronx in 2003 and he was
writing about a vocational school in Staten Island in the sixties. Our
experiences are all connected! Who knew?

I’d had no idea, trapped
in my classroom box, that my everyday anxieties, fears, and successes were
parallel to that of so many teachers around the world. This realization,
boosted by Frank McCourt’s writing, was the central motivator that kept me in
teaching. You’re not alone, and what you’re doing matters.

McCourt’s latter two
books, ‘Tis and Teacher Man, aren’t perfect, but they are great material for
sparking discussion on classroom life for teachers and non-teachers alike.

Mr.
McCourt passed away earlier this week, but his legacy of writing authentically
about teaching is one that buoys TLN members and so many
educators across the country.

Sometimes you just
shouldn’t talk politics with your friends. During a recent long drive with an old
friend—let’s call her Jen—our conversation, which had been easy and pleasurable
to that point, drifted to health care reform and soon I became racked with
palpitations.

A little context: Jen and
I both grew up in comfortable, two-parent middle-class homes in the same
Philadelphia suburb. We both took nice vacations as kids, and attended top-tier
colleges on our parents’ dimes. I became a teacher; she is an artist.
Politically, I go in for most the leftie package (gay rights, universal health
care, the war in Iraq was wrong, assault weapons should be banned, global
warming is a crisis…) and Jen skews to the right— though to be fair (and balanced...), she
despises George W. Bush.

When health care came up,
Jen complained that Obama’s public option would ration care, diminish quality,
and that the government can’t be trusted to run anything well. She hit hard on
the argument that virtually all important research and development comes from
the private sector, citing Fedex as a valuable innovation on the U.S. Postal
Service.

I rebutted with the moral
argument that health care is a right, the economic argument that having a sick
population is an albatross, and then resorted to the logistical argument that
the government is the only entity able to take on a project on the grand scope
of covering the nation’s uninsured. Like the interstate highways we were
driving on at the moment, a massive public investment was needed to make it
happen. Interstate highways are now de-politicized; we all use them without
complaint of their tax burden. It’ll be the same with healthcare. Plus, Fedex
is a fine private alternative to the US Postal Service, but it doesn’t come close to overtaking it in the market. The public option for schools,
for mail, for healthcare, is critical...

I had drifted in my
argument, unaccustomed to facing off with a peer whose views were so starkly
different than mine. At one point, Jen said, in defense of private health insurance, “The thing is, we’re a capitalist
country. It works. There are innately winners and losers in the system, but overall it’s
worth it.”

We pulled over at a rest
stop, queued up at Sbarro, and promptly dropped the conversation.

But I couldn’t stop that “winners and losers” slam-dunk from ricocheting around my mind. She’d
said it with ideological certainty, a mirror image of my liberal certainty that
everyone deserves a chance at life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness
regardless of their background. My students at a charter school in Southeast
Washington, D.C. definitely fell in her nebulous “losers” category.

Jen’s not at all alone in
implicitly writing off so many underserved Americans as frankly deserving of their
limited power. As a teacher, I’m working from the bottom-up to prepare my students to go
forth in the world and determine their own paths. But the top-down campaign to reach the Jens and
build the will to support struggling Americans is one that often confounds me.

I
thought about this as we sailed down I-95, chewing the most tasteless pizza
I’ve ever eaten. 

There is a singular
exhilaration in seeing your name and your words in print. It’s thrilling and
motivating. It’s terrifying and liberating. It’s something every student should
experience many times.

My small 2009 senior
class—only 20 students— published a paperback literary anthology as the
culminating project of 12th grade English and the experience, while messy, was the most empowering of the school year. Our book of raw poetry and
impassioned prose, Truth Be Told: Diamonds in the Rough, has become a hit in
the school community and fired up future classes to outdo the Class of ‘09.

I was introduced to the
importance of “going public” with student work in a “Teaching of Writing” class
led by Erick Gordon at Teachers College, Columbia University. Erick is the
founder and director of the Student Press Initiative, an organization dedicated
to partnering with classes to publish books of student work. The SPI website
explains:

“SPI is built upon the
premise that writing for publication provides young people with authentic
audiences. When students realize the power and potential of an audience of
their peers and the community at large, writing becomes purposeful thereby
inspiring them to produce their best work. We believe that when a young writer
finds an audience, she will find her voice.”

Amen. Students need more
than just their teacher to be their audience in order to unlock their finest
potential. In my grad school class with Erick, the teachers-in-training
composed our own book of New Yorker-style profiles of educators. It was a brilliant assignment; I knew
that both my peers and my profile subject would be carefully reading every word
I wrote, so it had to be good. The accountability was built-in and the project
was fun. Our final product was The Questions Themselves: Profiles of
Educators
, a cool-looking paperback with a cover designed by a class member. It sits on
a shelf right next to my desk.

Organizations like SPI are
popping up, tapping into this often dammed-up wealth of student capability. In
San Francisco, 826 Valencia was so successful it expanded to become 826
National
, with sites in several
cities across the country. In Washington, D.C., Capitol Letters connected celebrated
novelists Edward P. Jones and George Pelecanos with students at Cardozo High
School to publish the student anthology The Way We See It: Complete Coverage
of the Nation's Capital From the Inside Out
.

But here’s the magic part:
you don’t need to partner with a team of experts at a nonprofit to publish a
book. The secret weapon is available to all, and it's lulu.com. This website is
a miracle. Intended for self-publishing authors, lulu.com is a one-stop shop
for assembling, printing, and selling professional-looking books. (I promise
I’m not on their payroll.) Two weeks after my students handed in their final
drafts to me, we were holding gorgeous, shiny paperbacks in our hands. (Who knew a back-cover barcode could stir such excitement?) Next
year, I’ll be better equipped to scaffold the publishing unit and hopefully the
improvements will be seen in our tangible product. (A bonus: my
administrators loved it.)

It’s hard to find ways to
share stuff; publishing a book often isn’t practical. I’m guilty of letting my
assignment inbox become a vacuum where my students hand in writing they may
have worked extra-hard on and I end up being the only one to read it. But after
the success of Truth Be Told: Diamonds in the Rough, I’m going to seek ways for every unit to have
some sort of community tie-in, whether it’s on a class-to-class level,
school-wide, or outside the campus. Kids perform at a higher level when their products are
seen. Adults do too.

This spirit of “going
public” is in direct conflict with the culture of test prep, in which students
are expected to work their hardest on assessments that they will never again
see, and graded by people they will never meet. Yet this is a front where
teachers have to lead.

What are some of your
greatest successes—or blunders—in going public?

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